Shakeel Muzaffar

Exponents and scientific notation explained simply: an exponent is repeated multiplication, and scientific notation writes big or small numbers as m x 10^n.

How to simplify fractions: divide the top and bottom by their greatest common factor (GCF) to reach lowest terms. See 12/18 = 2/3 worked out step by step.

LCM and GCF explained clearly. Learn the fastest methods with prime factorization, see worked examples, and use the LCM x GCF = a x b shortcut to check.

Learn how to solve a quadratic equation three ways: by factoring, with the quadratic formula, and by reading the discriminant. Clear worked examples included.

Slope and distance between two points made simple. Use m = (y2 – y1) / (x2 – x1) for steepness and d = sqrt((x2 – x1)^2 + (y2 – y1)^2) for length.

Learn how to find the circumference of a circle. Use C = 2 x pi x r from the radius, or C = pi x d from the diameter, with clear worked examples.

Learn how to find the volume of a cylinder (pi x r^2 x h), a cone (one third of that), and a sphere ((4/3) x pi x r^3), with clear worked examples.

The Pythagorean theorem says a^2 + b^2 = c^2 for right triangles. Learn what it means, when to use it, and how to find a hypotenuse or a missing leg.

Learn how to find the area of any shape. Get the core idea, formulas for rectangle, square, triangle, circle, trapezoid, parallelogram, plus worked examples.

Learn how to calculate a discount and final price fast. Multiply the price by the sale rate, stack discounts the right way, then add sales tax with confidence.